Pregnancy US

Asymmetrical wall thickening one of the signs of adenomyosis

• ultrasound with correlated MRI
  
• post wall > anterior wall
  
• 
  

Sub endometrial echogenic nodules

one of the major signs of adenomyosis

CENTRAL VASCULAR ADENOMYOMA vs FIBROID

How to differentiate focal adenomyosis ( adenomyoma) from fibroid ......each one has different management plan

5 items to be checked

 

Abortion (miscarriage) is the medical term for a pregnancy loss before 20 weeks of gestational age
.Miscarriage is the sudden loss of a pregnancy before the 20th week. About 10% to 20% of known pregnancies end in miscarriage. But the actual number is likely higher. This is because many miscarriages happen early on, before people realize they're pregnant 
What is a silent miscarriage?
 missed (or silent) miscarriage is one where the baby has died or not developed, but has not been physically miscarried. In many cases, there has been no sign that anything was wrong, so the news can come as a complete shock
What are the types of miscarriage?
    Threatened miscarriage. When your body is showing signs that you might miscarry, that is called a 'threatened miscarriage'. ...
    Inevitable miscarriage. ...
    Complete miscarriage. ...
    Incomplete miscarriage. ...
    Missed miscarriage. ...
    Recurrent miscarriage. ...
    Expectant or natural management. ...
    Medical management
 How is a miscarriage confirmed?
An ultrasound scan diagnoses most miscarriages. It may also diagnose miscarriages where some of the pregnancy remains in your womb. You might not be referred for an ultrasound if you: take a pregnancy test which gives a negative result
You can ovulate and become pregnant as soon as two weeks after a miscarriage. Once you feel emotionally and physically ready for pregnancy after miscarriage, ask your health care provider for guidance. After one miscarriage, there might be no need to wait to conceive

Can ultrasound detect fertilization?
Fertilised egg is an egg which has fused with d sperm. That's a microscopic structure and hence can't be seen on scan.Nov 16, 2017
Why are ovaries not visible on ultrasound?
Sometimes imaging with ultrasound, MRI or CT can have a hard time identifying ovaries for a multitude of reasons, with the most common being menopausal ovaries or lots of gas in the bowel, which can hide the ovaries.
Can ultrasound cause bleeding?
Pelvic exam or ultrasound: Your cervix can bleed after a pelvic exam or transvaginal ultrasound because it's highly sensitive (due to increased hormones).Nov 17, 2021
Which day of period is best for ultrasound?
Information to prepare for your ultrasound
A scan can be performed at any stage of the cycle. If you are menstruating regularly, the best time for an ultrasound is from day 5 to day 11 of the menstrual cycle (counting from the first day of your period) especially if there is bleeding between your periods
 : The symptoms of miscarriage can include
Bleeding from the vagina with or without pain, including light bleeding called spotting.
Pain or cramping in the pelvic area or lower back
Fluid or tissue passing from the vagina
Fast heartbeat
What is a silent miscarriage?
 missed (or silent) miscarriage is one where the baby has died or not developed, but has not been physically miscarried. In many cases, there has been no sign that anything was wrong, so the news can come as a complete shock..                                                                   
A missed miscarriage, also known as a missed abortion or a silent miscarriage, occurs when a fetus is no longer alive, but the body does not recognize the pregnancy loss or expel the pregnancy tissue. As a result, the placenta may continue to release hormones, so you may continue to experience signs of pregnancy.

What is the most common week to miscarry?
Most miscarriages - 8 out of 10 (80 percent) - happen in the first trimester before the 12th week of pregnancy. Miscarriage in the second trimester (between 13 and 19 weeks) happens in 1 to 5 in 100 (1 to 5 percent) pregnancies. Pregnancy loss that happens after 20 weeks is called stillbirth
What is the difference between a missed abortion and an incomplete abortion?
The gestation would be termed a missed abortion only if the diagnosis of incomplete abortion or inevitable abortion was excluded. The condition may present as an anembryonic gestation (empty sac or blighted ovum) or as fetal demise prior to 20 weeks gestation.
What is the difference between a threatened miscarriage and a miscarriage?
A threatened miscarriage is where there is vaginal bleeding during pregnancy. It does not always mean that you will go on to have a miscarriage; there is an 83% chance of your pregnancy continuing. If the pregnancy continues the bleeding will not cause any harm to the baby, even if the bleeding is heavy.
What is a clinical miscarriage?
New insights into mechanisms behind miscarriage | BMC ...
The term clinical miscarriage is used when ultrasound examination or histological evidence has confirmed that an intrauterine pregnancy has existed. Clinical miscarriages may be subdivided into early clinical pregnancy losses (before gestational week 12) and late clinical pregnancy losses (gestational weeks 12 to 21).
What medication is used for missed miscarriage?
Two drugs are available to encourage the body to pass the baby: mifepristone and misoprostol. Since 2012, NICE has recommended using misoprostol alone for the medical management of missed miscarriage.Nov 13, 2020
What is the medical procedure to prevent miscarriage?
Cervical stitch (cerclage) may help prevent miscarriage due to a cervical factor, but has not been shown to benefit other women. The cervix (opening of the uterus) normally stays tightly closed during pregnancy. Occasionally it starts to open early, leading to miscarriage.
What is a septic abortion?
Septic abortion is serious uterine infection during or shortly before or after a spontaneous or an induced abortion. Septic abortion is a gynecologic emergency. Septic abortions usually result from use of nonsterile techniques for uterine evacuation after induced or spontaneous abortion.
 ?

  

What is the difference between a threatened miscarriage and a miscarriage?
A threatened miscarriage is where there is vaginal bleeding during pregnancy. It does not always mean that you will go on to have a miscarriage; there is an 83% chance of your pregnancy continuing. If the pregnancy continues the bleeding will not cause any harm to the baby, even if the bleeding is heavy.
How many different types of pregnancy are there?
    INTRAUTERINE PREGNANCY (NORMAL PREGNANCY) A normal pregnancy develops favorably when the embryo correctly implants into the lining of the uterus. ...
    MULTIPLE PREGNANCY. ...
    ECTOPIC PREGNANCY (EXTRAUTERINE) ...
   Types of pregnancy include intrauterine pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, tubal pregnancy, intra-abdominal pregnancy, singlet pregnancy, multiple pregnancy (twins, triplets, quadruplets, etc.), lupus pregnancy, high-risk pregnancy, and molar pregnancy. There are many different types of pregnancies
.What are the types of ectopic?
There are different types of ectopic pregnancies, which are tubal, cornual, cesarean scar, cervical, heterotopic, abdominal, and ovarian.
What are the five pregnancy drugs categories?
FDA classifies various drugs used in pregnancy into five categories, categories A, B, C, D and X. Category A is considered the safest category and category X is absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy. This provides therapeutic guidance for the clinician.
What is the difference between abortion and intrauterine fetal death?
A death that occurs prior to 20 weeks' gestation is usually classified as a spontaneous abortion; those occurring after 20 weeks constitute a fetal demise or stillbirth
What is the difference between intrauterine death and miscarriage?
Intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) is the medical term for a fetus that dies at or after the 20th week or second trimester of gestation. IUFD differs from a miscarriage, which occurs before the 20th week of pregnancy.Feb 2, 2023
How to differentiate between inevitable and incomplete abortion?
Inevitable abortion occurs when vaginal bleeding or rupture of membranes occur before 20 weeks gestation in the presence of cervical dilatation. Incomplete abortion typically occurs after 10 weeks gestation when the fetus is expelled and the placenta is retained in the uterus.
What antibiotics are used for incomplete abortion?
At present, all patients with incomplete abortions receive penicillin (a total of I.. 5 million units in 24 hours) on admission, since the number of induced abortions, symptoms of infection. or amount, of previous therapy can- not be reliably determined by history.
What are the signs of abortion without bleeding?
Other symptoms of a miscarriage include:
    back pain.
    diarrhea.
    nausea.
    pelvic cramping (may feel like you're getting your period)
    severe abdominal pain.
    fluid coming from your vagina.
    tissue coming from your vagina.
    unexplained weakness.
What is the difference between threatened and inevitable miscarriage?
Inevitable miscarriage is where women have unexplained vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain early in their pregnancies. Compared with a threatened miscarriage, an inevitable miscarriage is where the cervix opens in addition to the bleeding and pain.
What is the best treatment for a threatened miscarriage?
There's nothing your provider can do to stop a miscarriage from occurring. Some pregnancy care providers prescribe progesterone, a hormone that supports a pregnancy. Low levels of progesterone may be a sign of a threatened miscarriage. You can take progesterone through injections, suppositories or tablets.Jun 
What is progesterone in threatened abortion?
The symptoms of threatened miscarriage are vaginal bleeding, with or without abdominal pain, while the cervix of the womb is closed and the baby inside the womb is alive. Progesterone is a hormone that is known to prepare the uterus for implantation of the fertilized egg and suppress uterine contractions until term.
What are the clinical features of missed abortion?
Clinical manifestations of missed abortion include absence of fetal heart tone, discharge from the breasts and diminution of their size, general fatigue, fever, and sometimes skin itch. Diagnosis of missed abortion is based upon the results of general and gynecologic examinations.                                                            
What are 3
 symptoms of a miscarriage?
The symptoms can include:
    Bleeding from the vagina with or without pain, including light bleeding called spotting.
    Pain or cramping in the pelvic area or lower back.
    Fluid or tissue passing from the vagina.  .                                                                             
What type of abortion is inevitable?
An inevitable abortion is defined as vaginal bleeding with progressive dilatation of the cervix but without expulsion of conception products before the twentieth week of gestation
What type of abortion is inevitable?  The intrauterine pregnancy may be either viable or nonviable on ultrasound.          inevitable VS incomplete abortion : Incomplete abortion typically occurs after 10 weeks gestation when the fetus is expelled and the placenta is retained in the uterus
.

classification of abortion                                                                                                              abortion                                                                         Anembryonic pregnancy (formerly blighted ovum)                                                                                                  
  Nonviable pregnancy with a gestational sac, but with no yolk sac or embryo visualized on transvaginal ultrasonography                                           


Recurrent or habitual abortion ≥ 2 to 3 spontaneous abortions
Induced abortion: Interruption of pregnancy with medications or a procedure                                                           
Early abortion
Abortion before 12 weeks gestation
Late abortion
Abortion between 12 and 20 weeks gestation
Spontaneous abortion
Pregnancy loss at < 20 weeks gestation
     Threatened
Vaginal bleeding occurring before 20 weeks gestation without cervical dilation
    Inevitable
Vaginal bleeding or rupture of the membranes before 20 weeks gestation accompanied by advanced dilation of the cervix
    Incomplete
Dilation of cervix and expulsion of some products of conception
    Complete
Closed cervix after expulsion of all products of conception
    Missed
Death of an embryo or a fetus is confirmed, but there is no bleeding or cervical dilation and the products of conception have not been expelled
Septic
Serious infection of the uterine contents during or shortly before or after an abortion

A rare case, Ruptured ectopic Pregnancy, tubal pregnancy. Ectopic Pregnancy is the implantation of the conceptus outside of the normal uterine cavity site. Many factors are implicated in the development of an ectopic pregnancy. ... If the ectopic is ruptured, the patient may present with signs of shock. With an ectopic, no evidence of intrauterine pregnancy would be noted on ultrasonography. Conceptus denotes the embryo and its adnexa (appendages or adjunct parts) or associated membranes (i.e. the products of conception). The conceptus includes all structures that develop from the zygote, both embryonic and extra-embryonic. Ectopic pregnancy is the implantation of a fertilized egg in an abnormal location. In an ectopic pregnancy, the fetus cannot survive. When an ectopic pregnancy ruptures, women often have abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding, which, if not treated, can be fatal. If the fertilized egg continues to grow in the fallopian tube, it can cause the tube to rupture. Heavy bleeding inside the abdomen follows usually. Symptoms of this life-threatening event include extreme lightheadedness, fainting, severe abdominal pain, and shock. Most ectopic pregnancies can be detected using a pelvic exam, ultrasound, and blood tests. A pregnancy in the uterus is visible 6 weeks after the last menstrual period, but with an advanced ultrasound machine, it could be seen earlier. Ectopic pregnancy should be suspected if there are no signs of an embryo or fetus in the uterus as expected, but HCG levels are elevated or rising. An HCG level of less than 5 mIU/mL (milli-international units per milliliter ) is considered negative for pregnancy, and anything above 25 mIU/mL is considered positive for pregnancy. An hCG level between 6 and 24 mIU/mL is considered a grey area, and you'll likely need to be retested to see if your levels rise to confirm a pregnancy.