BLOOD DISORDERS

ANEMIA
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anaem classific 1.ppt
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anaem classific 2.ppt
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Iron Def.ppt shared by "kamal eldirawi"
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adult hem anemia.pdf
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Bleeding disorders 1UG.ppt shared by "kamal eldirawi"
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Bleeding disorders.ppt shared by "kamal eldirawi"
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EPISTAXIX.docx shared by "kamal eldirawi"
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Haemophilia.ppt shared by "kamal eldirawi"
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anti phosphplipid synd.pdf
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T. T. purpura.pdf
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WHITE CELLS :Quantitative Abnormalities

NEUTROPHILIA
Definition : Absolute neutrophil count greater than 8,000 per ml .
Mechanism :
Most neutrophilias are due to increased marrow proliferation. However, redistribution of cells among the various body neutrophil pools is the explanation for some neutrophilias for example:
Acute stress: causes a shift of cells out of the marrow into the peripheral blood and redistribution of cells from the marginal pool ( cells sequestrated in the micro circulation and along blood vessel walls which are not counted by the WBC) to the counted peripheral circulating pool.
Chronic steroid administration : causes a decreased exodus of peripheral neutrophils to the tissues and neutrophilia.
COMMON Causes Of Neutrophilia
Most causes of acute and chronic inflammation.
Stress
Infections
Tumors
(Drugs (steroids , epinephrine , lithium
Splenectomy
Hemorrhage
Hemolytic anaemia
Convultions
Myloproliferative disorders

EOSINOPHILIA
DEFINITION
Absolute eosinophil count greater than 600 micro mol. Note that direct counting methods are more accurate when the eosinophil percentage is less than 5-10% . Massive eosinophilia may be seen in a very rare group of disorders known as the Hypereosinophilic syndromes

COMMON Causes Of Eosinophilia
Parasites
Allergic reactions
Dermatitis
Hodgkin‘s disease
Myeloproliferative disease
Adrenal insufficiency
Chronic renal disease
Radiotherapy
Drugs
Collagen vascular disease

BASOPHILIA

DEFINITION
Basophils are found easily on the peripheral smear and represent more than 1-2% of the differential. The presence of increased numbers of basophils may be particularly helpful as a diagnostic clue to the presence of a myeloproliferative disorder

COMMON Causes Of Basophilia

Hypersensitivity reactions
:Myeloproliferative disorders
polycythemia vera
Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia
Primary thrombocythemia
CGL
Postsplenectomy
Inflammatory states

LYMPHOCYTOSIS

DEFINITION
Is an absolute lymphocyte count greater than 5,000 per micro litre.The experienced observer can usually distinguish between the morphology of the pleomorphic atypical lymphocytes seen in benign viral or allergic conditions and the abnormal lymphocytes seen in malignant lymphoprliferative diseases . In benign conditions the bone marrow usually does not show a significant lymphocytosis

COMMON Causes Of Lymphocytosis

:NORMAL MORPHOLOGY

Pertussis
Acute Infectious Lymphocytosis
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia
(Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinaemia (sometimes normal morphology
Thyrotoxicosis
Large Granular Lymphocyte Disease

(ATYPICAL LYMPHOCYTES( nonmalignant

Infectious mononucleosis
Cytomegalovirus infection
Viral hepatitis
Other viral illnesses
Toxoplasmosis
Typhoid fever
Allergic reactions

:(ABNORMAL MORPHOLOGY( malignant

Lymphosarcoma Cell Leukaemia
Acute Lymphatic Leukaemia
Mycosis fungoides , sezary syndrome
Hair cell leukaemia