RENAL DISEASE

موضوع: RENAL DISEASE الأحد مارس 24, 2019 7:03 pm

Acute & Chronic Renal Disease

Renal Physiology and Failure
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KIDNEY DISEASE The Basics
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موضوع: رد: RENAL DISEASE الأحد مارس 24, 2019 7:07 pm

Acute Renal Failure

Acute Renal Failure
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موضوع: رد: RENAL DISEASE الأحد مارس 24, 2019 7:11 pm

CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
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CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

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موضوع: رد: RENAL DISEASE الأحد مارس 24, 2019 7:30 pm

Renal colic
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What Is Renal Colic?

How Do Kidney Stones Form? How Can We Prevent Them? Animation Video - Renal Calculi Pathophysiology

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موضوع: رد: RENAL DISEASE الثلاثاء مارس 26, 2019 4:56 pm

حصوات مجرى البول أنواعها و طرق علاجها

UROLITHIASIS

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موضوع: رد: RENAL DISEASE الثلاثاء مارس 26, 2019 4:58 pm

Urolithiasis

Urolithiasis refers to the presence of calculi anywhere along the course of the urinary tracts.
For the purpose of the article, the terms urolithiasis, nephrolithiasis and renal/kidney stones are used interchangeably, although some authors have slightly varying definitions of each.

Most patients tend to present between 30-60 years of age .

Clinical presentation
Although some renal stones remain asymptomatic, most will result in pain.
Small stones that arise in the kidney are more likely to pass into the ureter where they may result in renal colic. Hematuria, although common, may be absent in ~15% of patients .
Strangury is also occasionally present.
strangury is a (condition caused by blockage or irritation at the base of the bladder, resulting in severe pain and a strong
(desire to urinate.
Some patients may also present with the complication of obstructive pyelonephritis, and may therefore have a septic clinical presentation.

Pathology
The composition of urinary tract stones varies widely depending upon:
metabolic @ alterations,
@ geography
and presence of @ infection,
and their size varies from gravel (a loose aggregation of rock fragments) to staghorn calculi.
: (The more common composition of stones include (more detail below
calcium oxalate +/- calcium phosphate: ~75%
struvite (triple phosphate): 15%
pure calcium phosphate: 5-7%
uric acid: 5-8%
cystine: 1%
lithogenic medications: 1%
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What causes a struvite stone?
(magnesium ammonium phosphate)
Bacteria in your urinary tract produce struvite when they break down the waste product urea into ammonia. ... Having a urinary tract infection can make your urine alkaline. Struvite stones often form in women who have a urinary tract infection.Mar 12, 2018
This formulation helps dissolve struvite stones that are already present in the urine, and prevents formation of further stones.
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Risk factors
and more & more about UT stones
also see Promoted articles
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موضوع: رد: RENAL DISEASE الثلاثاء مارس 26, 2019 5:03 pm

Ureteric calculi

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Bladder calculus
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موضوع: رد: RENAL DISEASE الثلاثاء مارس 26, 2019 6:45 pm

Drug-induced renal calculi
epidemiology, prevention and management.
Daudon M1, Jungers P.
Author information
Abstract

Drug-induced calculi represent 1-2% of all renal calculi.
The drugs reported to produce calculi formation may be divided into two groups.
The first one includes poorly soluble drugs with high urine excretion that favours crystallisation in the urine.
Among poorly soluble molecules, triamterene was the leading cause of drug-containing urinary calculi in the 1970s, and it is still currently responsible for a significant number of calculi.
In the last decade, drugs used for the treatment of HIV-infected patients, namely indinavir and sulfadiazine, have become the most frequent cause of drug-containing urinary calculi.
Besides these drugs, about twenty other molecules may induce nephrolithiasis in patients receiving long-term treatment or high doses.
Calculi analysis by physical methods, including infrared spectroscopy or x-ray diffraction, is needed to demonstrate the presence of the drug or its metabolites within the calculi.

The second group includes drugs that provoke urinary calculi as a consequence of their metabolic effects.
Here, diagnosis relies on careful clinical inquiry because physical methods are ineffective to differentiate between urinary calculi induced by the metabolic effects of a drug and common metabolic calculi.
The incidence of such calculi, especially those resulting from calcium/vitamin D supplementation, is probably underestimated.

Although drug-induced urinary calculi most often complicate high-dose, long-duration drug treatments, there also exist specific patient risk factors in relation to urine pH, urine output and other parameters, which provide a basis for preventive or curative treatment of calculi.
Better awareness of the possible occurrence of lithogenic complications, preventive measures based on drug solubility characteristics and close surveillance of patients on long-term treatment with drugs with lithogenic potential, especially those with a history of urolithiasis, should reduce the incidence of drug-induced nephrolithiasis.

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موضوع: رد: RENAL DISEASE الثلاثاء مارس 26, 2019 6:47 pm

متى يتم التداخل بالمنظار لازالة حصوات الكلى

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