Orthopedic surgery

INTRODUCTION TO ORTHOPEDICS SURGERY
Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics (also spelled orthopaedic surgery and orthopaedics in British English) is the branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system.
Orthopedic surgeons use both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal trauma, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, tumors, and congenital disorders.
Many orthopedic surgeons elect to do further training, or fellowships, after completing their residency training.
Fellowship training in an orthopedic subspecialty is typically one year in duration (sometimes two) and sometimes has a research component involved with the clinical and operative training.
Examples of orthopedic subspecialty training in the United States are:
Hand surgery
Shoulder and elbow surgery
Total joint reconstruction (arthroplasty)
Pediatric orthopedics
Foot and ankle surgery
Spine surgery
Musculoskeletal oncology
Surgical sports medicine
Orthopedic trauma


Orthopedic implants to repair fractures to the radius and ulna. Note the visible break in the ulna. (right forearm)


This image, taken in September 2006, shows extensive repair work to the right acetabulum 6 years after it was carried out (2000). Further damage to the joint is visible due to the onset of arthritis - a bone/joint disease.


This fracture of the lower cervical vertebrae, known as a "teardrop fracture", is one of the conditions treated by orthopedic surgeons and neurosurgeons.
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