"Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference"
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TOP 100 DRUGS
http://www.drugs.com/adderall.htmlAdderallGeneric Name: amphetamine and dextroamphetamine (am FET a meen and DEX troe am FET a meen)
Adderall contains a combination of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine. Both these medicines are central nervous system stimulants that affect chemicals in the brain and nerves that contribute to hyperactivity and impulse control.
Adderall is used to treat narcolepsy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Adderall may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Do not use Adderall if you have used an MAO inhibitor such as furazolidone (Furoxone), isocarboxazid (Marplan), phenelzine (Nardil), rasagiline (Azilect), selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam, Zelapar), or tranylcypromine (Parnate) in the last 14 days. A dangerous drug interaction could occur, leading to serious side effects.
Amphetamine and dextroamphetamine may be habit-forming and should be used only by the person for whom it was prescribed. Keep the medication in a secure place where others cannot get to it. Using this medication improperly can cause death or serious side effects on the heart.
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AcetaminophenGeneric Name: acetaminophen (oral/rectal) (a SEET a MIN oh fen)
.........Brand names: Acephen, Actamin, Feverall, Q-Pap, Tactinal, Tempra, Tylenol, Uniserts, Vitapap etc
Acetaminophen is a pain reliever and a fever reducer.
Acetaminophen is used to treat many conditions such as headache, muscle aches, arthritis, backache, toothaches, colds, and fevers.
Acetaminophen side effects
Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction to acetaminophen: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Stop using this medication and call your doctor at once if you have a serious side effect such as:
nausea, upper stomach pain, itching, loss of appetite;
dark urine, clay-colored stools; or
jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes).
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Acyclovir
Generic Name: acyclovir (oral) (a SYE klo veer)
Brand Names: Zovirax
Acyclovir is an antiviral drug. It slows the growth and spread of the herpes virus so that the body can fight off the infection. Acyclovir will not cure herpes, but it can lessen the symptoms of the infection.
Acyclovir is used to treat infections caused by herpes viruses. Illnesses caused by herpes viruses include genital herpes, cold sores, shingles, and chicken pox.
Acyclovir side effects
Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction to acyclovir: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:
pain in your lower back;
urinating less than usual or not at all;
easy bruising or bleeding; or
unusual weakness.
Less serious acyclovir side effects may include:
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, stomach pain;
headache, feeling light-headed; or
swelling in your hands or feet.
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INHALATION DRUGS
Albuterol
http://www.drugs.com/albuterol.htmlAlbuterol is a bronchodilator that relaxes muscles in the airways and increases air flow to the lungs.
Albuterol inhalation is used to treat or prevent bronchospasm in people with reversible obstructive airway disease. Albuterol is also used to prevent exercise-induced bronchospasm.
IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT INHALERSWhen using the albuterol inhaler device for the first time, prime it by spraying 4 test sprays into the air, away from your face. Shake well before priming. Also prime the inhaler if you have not used it for 2 weeks or longer, or if you have dropped the inhaler.
The instructions below are for standard use of the inhaler and nebulizer devices. Your doctor may want you to use your device differently. Use only the inhaler device provided with your medicine or you may not get the correct dose.
To use the albuterol inhaler:
Shake the canister well just before each spray.
Uncap the mouthpiece of the albuterol inhaler. Breathe out fully. Put the mouthpiece into your mouth and close your lips. Breathe in slowly while pushing down on the canister. Hold your breath for 10 seconds, then breathe out slowly.
If you use more than one inhalation at a time, wait at least 1 minute before using the second inhalation and shake the inhaler again.
Keep your albuterol inhaler clean and dry, and store it with the cap on the mouthpiece. Clean your inhaler once a week by removing the canister and placing the mouthpiece under warm running water for at least 30 seconds. Shake out the excess water and allow the parts to air dry completely before putting the inhaler back together.
To use the albuterol solution with a nebulizer:
Measure the correct amount of albuterol using the dropper provided, or use the proper number of ampules. Place the liquid into the medication chamber of the nebulizer.
Attach the mouthpiece or face mask to the drug chamber. Then, attach the drug chamber to the compressor.
Sit upright in a comfortable position. Place the mouthpiece into your mouth or put the face mask on, covering your nose and mouth. Turn on the compressor.
Breathe in slowly and evenly until you have inhaled all of the medicine (usually 5 to 15 minutes). The treatment is complete when no more mist is formed by the nebulizer and the drug chamber is empty.
Clean the nebulizer after each use. Follow the cleaning directions that came with your nebulizer.
Talk with your doctor if any of your asthma medications do not seem to work as well in treating or preventing attacks. If it seems like you need to use more of any of your medications in a 24-hour period, talk with your doctor.
An increased need albuterol could be an early sign of a serious asthma attack.
It is important to keep albuterol inhalation on hand at all times. Get your prescription refilled before you run out of medicine completely. Keep using all of your other medications as prescribed by your doctor.
Store albuterol inhalation at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Extreme heat can cause the medicine canister to burst. Do not store it in your car on hot days. Do not throw an empty canister into open flame.
Albuterol inhalation Dosing Information
Usual Adult Albuterol Dose for Asthma -- Acute:
Metered-dose inhaler: 2 puffs every 4 to 6 hours as needed.
Inhalation capsules: 200 mcg inhaled every 4 to 6 hours.
May increase to 400 mcg inhaled every 4 to 6 hours, if necessary.
Nebulizer: 2.5 mg every 6 to 8 hours as needed. (2.5 to 5 mg once followed by 2.5 mg every 20 minutes for acute bronchospasm).
Usual Adult Albuterol Dose for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease -- Acute:
Metered-dose inhaler: 2 puffs every 4 to 6 hours as needed.
Inhalation capsules: 200 mcg inhaled every 4 to 6 hours.
May increase to 400 mcg inhaled every 4 to 6 hours, if necessary.
Nebulizer: 2.5 mg every 6 to 8 hours as needed. (2.5 to 5 mg once followed by 2.5 mg every 20 minutes for acute bronchospasm).
Usual Adult Albuterol Dose for Bronchospasm Prophylaxis:
Metered-dose inhaler: 2 puffs (180 or 216 mcg) 15 minutes before exercise.
Inhalation capsules: 200 mcg inhaled 15 minutes before exercise.
Usual Adult Albuterol Dose for Asthma -- Maintenance:
Metered-dose inhaler: 2 puffs every 4 to 6 hours. More frequent administration or a large number of inhalations is not recommended.
Inhalation capsules: 200 mcg inhaled every 4 to 6 hours.
May increase to 400 mcg inhaled every 4 to 6 hours, if necessary.
Tablets: 2 to 4 mg orally 3 to 4 times a day. May increase stepwise to a maximum of 8 mg orally 4 times a day.
Extended-release tablets: 4 to 8 mg orally every 8 hours. May increase to a maximum of 16 mg orally twice a day.
Syrup: 2 to 4 mg orally 3 to 4 times a day. Doses > 4 mg should be given 4 times a day. May increase up to 8 mg orally 4 times a day.
Usual Adult Albuterol Dose for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease -- Maintenance:
Metered-dose inhaler: 2 puffs every 4 to 6 hours. More frequent administration or a large number of inhalations is not recommended.
Inhalation capsules: 200 mcg inhaled every 4 to 6 hours.
May increase to 400 mcg inhaled every 4 to 6 hours, if necessary.
Tablets: 2 to 4 mg orally 3 to 4 times a day. May increase stepwise to a maximum of 8 mg orally 4 times a day.
Extended-release tablets: 4 to 8 mg orally every 8 hours. May increase to a maximum of 16 mg orally twice a day.
Syrup: 2 to 4 mg orally 3 to 4 times a day. Doses > 4 mg should be given 4 times a day. May increase up to 8 mg orally 4 times a day.
Usual Pediatric Albuterol Dose for Asthma -- Acute:
Less than 1 year:
Nebulizer: 0.05 to 0.15 mg/kg/dose every 4 to 6 hours with subsequent doses titrated based on clinical response.
1 year to 4 years:
Nebulizer: 1.25 to 2.5 mg every 4 to 6 hours with subsequent doses titrated based on clinical response.
5 years or older:
Metered-dose inhaler (HFA): 2 puffs (216 mcg) every 4 to 6 hours as needed.
Inhalation capsules: 200 mcg inhaled every 4 to 6 hours.
May increase to 400 mcg inhaled every 4 to 6 hours, if necessary.
5 years to 11 years:
Nebulizer: 2.5 mg every 4 to 6 hours with subsequent doses titrated based on clinical response.
12 years or older:
Nebulizer: 2.5 to 5 mg every 6 hours as needed.
Metered dose inhaler (non-HFA): 2 puffs every (180 mcg) every 4 to 6 hours.
Usual Pediatric Albuterol Dose for Bronchospasm Prophylaxis:
Over 4 years:
Metered-dose inhaler (HFA): 2 puffs (216 mcg)15 minutes before exercise.
Inhalation capsules: 200 mcg inhaled 15 minutes before exercise.
12twelve years or older :
Metered-dose inhaler (non-HFA): 2 puffs (180 mcg) 15 minutes before exercise.
Usual Pediatric Dose for Asthma -- Maintenance:
(2 two to 5 years( to 5 years :
Syrup or tablets: 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg 3 times daily. Do not exceed 12 mg a day.
Over 4 years:
Metered-dose inhaler (HFA): 2 puffs (216 mcg) every 4 to 6 hours. More frequent administration or a large number of inhalations is not recommended.
Inhalation capsules: 200 mcg inhaled every 4 to 6 hours.
May increase to 400 mcg inhaled every 4 to 6 hours, if necessary.
6 years to 11 years:
Syrup or tablets: 2 to 6 mg orally 3 to 4 times a day. May increase stepwise to a maximum of 24 mg/day in divided doses.
Extended-release tablets: 4 to 12 mg orally every 12 hours. May increase to a maximum of 12 mg orally twice a day.
12 years or older:
Syrup or tablets: 2 to 8 mg orally 3 to 4 times a day. Doses > 4 mg should be given 4 times a day. May increase up to 8 mg orally 4 times a day.
Extended-release tablets: 4 to 8 mg orally every 8 hours. May increase to a maximum of 16 mg orally twice a day.
Metered-dose inhaler (non-HFA): 2 puffs (180 mcg) every 4 to 6 hours. More frequent administration or a large number of inhalations is not recommended.
Albuterol inhalation side effects
Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction to albuterol: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Call your doctor at once if you have a serious side effect such as:
bronchospasm (wheezing, chest tightness, trouble breathing), especially after starting a new canister of this medicine;
chest pain and fast, pounding, or uneven heart beats;
tremor, nervousness;
low potassium (confusion, uneven heart rate, extreme thirst, increased urination, leg discomfort, muscle weakness or limp feeling); or
dangerously high blood pressure (severe headache, blurred vision, buzzing in your ears, anxiety, confusion, chest pain, shortness of breath, uneven heartbeats, seizure).
Less serious albuterol side effects may include:
headache, dizziness;
sleep problems (insomnia);
cough, hoarseness, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose;
mild nausea, vomiting;
dry mouth and throat;
muscle pain; or
diarrhea.
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Salbutamol
Salbutamol is a short-acting, highly selective β2-adrenergic stimulant, used in the treatment of bronchial asthma and other forms of reversible airways obstructive diseases. Salbutamol is rapidly absorbed after oral administration and undergoes presystemic metabolism in the gut, oral bioavailability is 50%. After inhalation, the systemic levels of salbutamol are low due to its gradual absorption from the bronchi. Overall duration of action of salbutamol is 4-6 hours.
Mechanism of action of salbutamol:
Salbutamol stimulate β2 adrenergic receptors which are predominant receptors in bronchial smooth muscle (β2-receptors are present in human heart in a concentration between 10% and 50%, and also present in the others part of the body). Stimulation of β2 receptors leads to the activation of enzyme adenyl cyclase that form cyclic AMP (adenosine-mono-phosphate) from ATP (adenosine-tri-phosphate). This increase of cyclic AMP relaxes bronchial smooth muscle and decrease airway resistance by lowering intracellular ionic calcium concentrations. Salbutamol relaxes the smooth muscles of airways, from trachea to terminal bronchioles.
Increased cyclic AMP concentrations are also inhibits the release of bronchoconstrictor mediators such as histamine, leukotreine from the mast cells in the airway.
Salbutamol has more effect on the respiratory tract, in the form of bronchial smooth muscle relaxation at recommended doses while producing fewer cardiovascular effects.
Indications and usage of salbutamol:
1. Bronchospasm with reversible obstructive airway diseases:
Salbutamol is indicated for the preventation or treatment of bronchospasm with reversible obstructive airway diseases such as
Bronchial asthama
Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
2. Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm:
Salbutamol is used for the prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm.
Contraindications of salbutamol:
Salbutamol is contraindicated in persons with a history of hypersensitivity reaction (urticaria, angioedema, rash) to salbutamol, or any of its components. Salbutamol is also contraindicated in patients with pre-existing cardiac tachyarrhythmias.
Dosage and administration of salbutamol:
(1) Oral salbutamol:
Adults and also Children over 12 years of age: Usual starting dosage of salbutamol is 2mg or 4 mg 3 or 4 times a day. A dosage above 4 mg salbutamol 4 times a day should be used only when the patient fails to respond adequately. If a desirable response does not found with 4 mg salbutamol, it should be cautiously increased the dosage up to a maximum of 8 mg 4 times a day as tolerated. Read more ……….
Side effects of salbutamol:
Salbutamol is usually a well tolerated drug and serious side effects are a few. It may cause the following side effects:
(1) Cardiovascular side effects:
Salbutamol tablets may produce clinically significant cardiovascular side effects such as palpitation, tachycardia, chest discomfort, angina, and hypertension. These side effects are uncommon at recommended doses of salbutamol, if they occur, the drug may need to be discontinued. Sometimes salbutamol may produce electrocardiogram (ECG) changes, such as ST segment depression, flattening of the T wave and prolongation of the QT interval. Therefore, salbutamol tablets should be used with caution in patients with cardiovascular diseases, especially cardiac tachyarrhythmias, coronary insufficiency, and hypertension. Read more ……
Salbutamol HFA inhaler:
What is salbutamol HFA inhaler?
Salbutamol HFA is a pressurized metered-dose aerosol inhaler (MDI). It is used for oral inhalation only. Each inhalation contains 100 mcg salbutamol in HFA (Hydrofluoroethane) propellant. HFA is an ozone benign, environment friendly, CFC free propellant.
Storage of a salbutamol HFA inhaler:
Store the salbutamol inhaler at room temperature with the mouthpiece down. It should not puncture and not use or store near heat or open flame. It may burst in exposure to temperatures above 120°F.
The parts of a salbutamol HFA inhaler:
There are two main parts of a salbutamol HFA inhaler—the metallic canister that holds the drug and the plastic case that sprays the drug from the metallic canister. The salbutamol HFA inhaler also has a cap that covers the mouthpiece of the plastic case.
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BECLOMETHASONE INHALATION
http://www.drugs.com/mtm/beclomethasone-inhalation.html 
موضوع: دليل الأدوية 
الثلاثاء أكتوبر 02, 2012 10:37 pm
