(FORENSIC VALUES (DIGITAL

Normal values

دي علشان تساعدنا في حل واجابات كل حالات الشرعى
Normal values

PH: 7.35-7.45

Bilirubin: <1.2 mg/dl

Calcium: 8.5-10.5 mg/dl

Potassium: 3.5-5 meq/l

Bicarbonates: 22-26 meq/l

Respiratory rate: 12-20/min.

Temperatutre: 36.7-37.2c

Pulse: 70-90/min.

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Pregnancy
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probable signs of pregnancy

-breast changes: 2nd & 3rd month of pregnancy

-enlargement of the abdomen : 2nd trimester

-Softening of cervix"Hagar's sign " : 2nd month

Sure signs of pregnancy
-palpation of head & limbs of the fetus : 1st month of pregnancy
-palpation of fetal movement & fetal skeleton X-ray: 5th month
fatal heart sound: 4th month
F.H.S = 120-140/ minute
-HCG:appears in urine : 14 days

Duration of pregnancy
9 NINE months
9 x 4 = 36 weeks = 40 lunar weeks
40 x 7= 280 days

Period of gestation:
/ In living fetus:
Fundal level
-3rd month : rim of pelvis
-4th : between umbilicus & symphysis pubis
-5th: below umbilicus
-6th : Umbilicus
-7th: above Umbilicus

-8th: below Xiphoid

-9th: Xiphoid

-Full term:below Xiphoid
In dead fetus:

length of uterus

-4th : 6 inches
-5th:7 inches
-6th :9 inches
-7th:10 inches

-8th:12 inches

-9th:13 inches

Summary of ages of gestation:

-14 FOURTEEN days : HCG:appears in urine

-1st :palpation of head & limbs of the fetus

- 2nd :Hagar's sign

-3rd; Fundal level :rim of pelvis

-2nd & 3rd: beast changes & enlargement of the abdomen-

-4th:Fundal level :between umbilicus & symphysis pubis
length of uterus:6 inches

-5th: Fundal level :below umbilicus
length of uterus :7 inches

-6th : Fundal level :Umbilicus
length of uterus :9 inches

-7th:Fundal level : above Umbilicus
length of uterus :10 inches

-8th: Fundal level :below Xiphoid
length of uterus :12 inches

-9th: Fundal level :Xiphoid
length of uterus :13 inches

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اهم النقاط عن الفورينسيك

Identification
-------------

MLI of:teeth مهم جدا
ossific center
hyoid bone
age of (21,...)
sex identificaton
finger print
tattoo marks
hair identification
DNA typing
teeth eruption مهم
any part of identification of age from bone
detection of PMI from bone
race identification

Death
========
Diagnosis of death(diagnosis &difficult in &MLI)
Diagnosis of brain stem death &MLI
هتفرق نخلى بالنا

Early changes(muscles&eye)
Cadaveric spasm مهم جدااا
hypostasis مهم جداا
Rigor mortis مهم جداا(factors &MLI)
difference between 1ry &2ry flacidity
any codition replacing purefaction
factors of cooling
factors of putrefaction
MLI of putrefaction
Cardiovascular causes of sudden death
death under anaesthesia (investigation وخاصة)

Wounds
=======
Age of wound(abrasion or bruises or cut )
AM & PM changes of (abrasion or bruises or cut or contused )
Difference between :contused &incised
suicidal & homicidal
Abrasion & bruises
Defensive wounds & hesitation marks
Early causes of death(hemorrage &shock & Air $ fat embolism )مهمين جداااى واحدة فيهم
stab wound مهم جداا
fabricated wounds
Causes of death in cut throat
subendochardial hemorrage مهم

Head Injury
=============
Complication of scalp wounds
types of skull fractures
factors affecting of skull fractures
difference between thermal& traumatic skull fracture
Concussion (mechanism &clinical pic & fate)الموضوع كله مهم طبعا
post concussion syndrome
Lucid Interval
Compression (causes & mechanism & clinical pic )
Causes of death in head injuries
any type of intracranial hemorrhage