lab values and normal ranges

موضوع: lab values and normal ranges السبت مايو 04, 2019 7:40 pm

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Introduction to lab values and normal ranges

[rtl]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_mGszRbve9s[/rtl]

Lab Values for LPN and RN NCLEX

[rtl]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-BVgWDqYY4[/rtl]

The Mole and Avogadro's Number

[rtl] https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/avogadros-number-and-the-mole/[/rtl]

What is an equivalent?
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_(chemistry

Molarity, Molality, Osmolarity, Osmolality, and Tonicity - What's the difference?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_Bb43LApog

Tonicity - comparing 2 solutions
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VsW6NXZIUCQ

Units for common medical lab values
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OLWvKdV4PHg&list=PLbKSbFnKYVY1o0fHh8BzfJadELcsZ0R-S

REFERENCE RANGE VALUES

Haematology
Full blood count (FBC)

Haemoglobin (Hb) :
♂ 130 – 180 g/L
♀ 115 – 165 g/L
White Cell Count (WCC):
Total - 3.6 – 11.0 x 109/L
Neutrophils - 1.8 – 7.5 x 109/L
Lymphocytes - 1.0 – 4.0 x 109/L
Monocytes - 0.2 – 0.8 x 109/L
Eosinophils - 0.1 – 0.4 x 109/L
Basophils - 0.02 – 0.10 x 109/L
Platelet Count : 140 – 400 x109/L
Red Cell Count (RCC) :
♂ 4.5 – 6.5 x 109/L
♀ 3.8 – 5.8 x 109/L
Haematocrit :
♂ 0.40 – 0.54 L/L
♀ 0.37 – 0.47 L/L
Mean Cell Volume (MCV) : 80 – 100 fL
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) : 27 – 32 pg/cell
Reticulocyte count : 0.2 – 2%
Coagulation

Prothrombin Time (PT) : 10 – 14 seconds
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) : 24 – 37 seconds
Fibrinogen : 1.50 – 4.50 g/L
D-Dimer : < 500 ng/mL
Haematinics

Ferritin :
♂ 25 – 350 ng/mL
♀ 10 – 300 ng/mL
Vitamin B12 : 180 – 1000 pg/mL
Folate : > 4.0 ng/mL
Total Serum Iron :
♂ 11.6 – 35.0 μmol/L
♀ 4.6 – 30.4 μmol/L
Transferrin : 2.0 – 3.6 g/L
Transferrin Saturation : 20 – 50%
Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) : 45 – 81 μmol/L
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) :

♂ ≤ 49 years: 1 – 7
♂ ≥ 50 years: 2 – 10
♀ ≤ 49 years: 3 – 9
♀ ≥ 50 years: 5 – 15
Biochemistry
Urea and Electrolytes (U&Es)

Sodium (Na+) : 133 – 146 mmol/L
Potassium (K+) : 3.5 – 5.3 mmol/L
Urea : 2.5 – 7.8 mmol/L
Creatinine :
♂ 59 – 104 μmol/L
♀ 45 – 84 μmol/L
Bone Profile

Adjusted Calcium (Ca2+) : 2.2 – 2.6 mmol/L
Magnesium (Mg2+) : 0.7 – 1.0 mmol/L
Phosphate (PO43-) : 0.8 – 1.5 mmol/L
Liver Function Tests (LFTs)

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) :
♂ 53 – 124 U/L
♀ 42 – 98 U/L
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) :
♂ < 41 U/L
♀ < 33 U/L
Aspartate Transaminase (AST) :
♂ < 40 IU/L
♀ < 34 IU/L
Bilirubin : < 21 μmol/L
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) :
♂ < 60 U/L
♀ < 40 U/L
Albumin : 35 – 50 g/L
Serum Total Protein : 60 – 78 g/L
C-Reactive Protein (CRP) : < 5 mg/L

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)

pH : 7.35 – 7.45
PaO2: 11 – 13 kPa (75 – 100 mmHg)
PaCO2: 4.7 – 6.0 kPa (35 – 45 mmHg)
Actual Bicarbonate (cHCO3-) : 18 – 23 mmol/L
Standard Bicarbonate (HCO3--std) : 22 – 26 mmol/L
Base Excess (BE) : -2 to +2 mmol/L
Oxygen Saturation (SaO2) : 94% – 100%
Lactate (plasma) : 0.5 – 2.2 mmol/L

Creatine Kinase (CK) :

♂ 40 – 320 U/L
♀ 25 – 200 U/L
Troponin T : < 14 ng/L

NT-proBNP :

< 75 years: < 125 pg/mL
> 75 years: < 450 pg/mL
Lipids

Cholesterol : < 5 mmol/L
Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) : < 3 mmol/L
High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) : > 1mmol/L
Cholesterol / HDL Ratio : < 4
Triglycerides : 0.55 – 1.90 mmol/L
Vitamin D : > 500 nmol/L

Amylase : 28 – 100 U/dL

Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) : 240 – 480 U/L

Urate :

♂ 200 – 430 μmol/L
♀ 140 – 360 μmol/L
Ammonia : 10 – 35 μmol/L

Copper : 70 – 150 μg/dL

Ceruloplasmin : 15 – 60 μmol/L

Serum Osmolality : 275 – 295 mOsmol/kg

Urine Osmolality

24h Urine Osmolality : 500 – 800 mOsm/kg
Random Urine Osmolality : 300 – 900 mOsm/kg
12h Fluid Restricted Urine Osmolality : > 850 mOsm/kg
Urine Electrolytes

24h Urine Sodium (Na+) : 100 – 260 mmol/24h
24h Urine Potassium (K+) : 25 – 100 mmol/24h
24h Urine Total Protein : < 100 mg/24h

Urine pH (random) : 5 – 7

CSF Analysis

Appearance : Clear and colourless
White blood cells (WBC) :
0 – 5 cells/µL
No neutrophils present, primarily lymphocytes
Normal cell counts do not rule out meningitis or any other pathology
Red blood cells (RBC) : 0 – 10/mm³
Protein : 0.15 – 0.45 g/L (or <1% of the serum protein concentration)
Glucose : 2.8 – 4.2 mmol/L (or ≥ 60% plasma glucose concentration)
Opening pressure : 10 – 20 cm H2O
Endocrinology
Thyroid Function Tests (TFTs)

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) : 0.4 – 4.0 mU/L
Free T4 : 9 – 24 pmol/L
Free T3 : 3.5 – 7.8 pmol/L
Blood Glucose

Fasting Blood Glucose : 4.0 – 6.0 mmol/L
Postprandial Blood Glucose : < 7.8 mmol/L
Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1C) : < 42 nmol/mol (6.0%)
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) : 10 – 65 ng/L

Testosterone :

♂ < 50 years: 10 – 45 nmol/L
♂ > 50 years: 6.2 – 26 nmol/L
Tumour markers
Alpha Fetoprotein : < 44 ng/mL

Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (bHCG) : < 5 mU/mL

CA19-9 : < 40 U/mL

CA-125 : < 35 U/mL

Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) :

Non-smokers at 50 years: < 3.6 μg/L
Non-smokers at 70 years: < 4.1 μg/L
Smokers: < 5 μg/L
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) : < 4.0 ng/mL

Immunology
Isotypes of Antibodies

IgA : 110 – 560 mg/dL
IgD : 0.5 – 3.0 mg/dL
IgE : 0.01 – 0.04 mg/dL
IgG : 800 – 1800 mg/dL
IgM : 54 – 200 mg/dL
Autoantibodies

Anti-SS-A (Ro) :
Negative: < 15 U/mL
Positive: > 25 U/mL
Anti-SS-A (La) :
Negative: < 3 U/mL
Positive: > 4 U/mL
Anti-ds-DNA :
Negative: < 40 U/mL
Positive: > 60 U/mL
Anti-ss-DNA :
Negative: < 8 U/mL
Positive: > 10 U/mL
Anti-Histone Antibodies :
Negative: < 25 U/mL
Positive: > 25 U/mL
Cytoplasmic Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (c-ANCA) :
Negative: < 20 U/mL
Positive: > 30 U/mL
Perinuclear Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (p-ANCA) :
Negative: < 5 U/mL
Positive: > 5 U/mL
Anti-Mitochondrial Antibodies (AMA) :
Negative: < 10 U/mL
Positive: > 10 U/mL
Rheumatoid Factor (RF) :
Negative: < 20 U/mL
Positive: > 30 U/mL
Anti-Streptolysin O Titre (ASOT) :
Pre-school Age: < 100
School Age: < 250
Adults: < 125
Vital signs
Pulse : 60 – 100 beats per minute

Blood Pressure : 90/60 – 120/80 mmHg

Respiratory Rate : 12 – 18 breaths per minute

Body Temperature :

36.5°C to 37.3°C
97.8°F to 99.1°F
Pulse Oximetry : > 94%

Paediatric vital signs
Heart Rate

< 1 year: 110 – 160
1 – 2 years: 100 – 150
2 – 5 years: 95 – 140
5 – 12 years: 80 – 120
Respiratory Rate

< 1 year: 30 – 40
1 – 2 years: 25 – 35
2 – 5 years: 25 – 30
5 – 12: 20 – 25
Systolic BP

< 1 year: 70 – 90 mmHg
1 – 2 years: 80 – 95 mmHg
2 – 5 years: 80 – 100 mmHg
5 – 12 years: 90 – 110 mmHg

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